The detailed analysis of main parameters of MEMS gyroscope

[kellyyu]

The full name of MEMS gyroscope is micro-electromechanical system gyroscope. Nowadays, MEMS gyroscopes are widely used in petroleum logging, aerospace, UAV，drones, unmanned driving, mining and other fields. To judge whether the performance of the MEMS gyroscope is excellent and the level of accuracy, we need to judge by some parameters. There are many parameters of MEMS gyroscope. Today we will analyse its important parameters in detail.



Taking High Performance North Seeking MENS gyroscope MG2-50/100 as an example, we generally look at the following parameters:

▪ Measuring range：50-100 deg/s

▪ Bias instability：0.01-0.02°/hr

▪ Angular random walk：0.0025-0.005°/√hr

▪ Bias stability (1σ 10s) ：0.05-0.1 deg/hr

▪ Temperature range：−45°C to +85°C



❓ So what are the specific meanings of these parameters?



◾ Measuring range: Usually expressed by the maximum value of the input forward and reverse angular rates. The larger the value, the more sensitive the gyroscope is to angular rate. Within this input angular rate range, the nonlinearity of the gyroscope scale factor can meet the specified requirements, and the gyroscope's range can usually be configured.



◾ Bias instability: It is the drift amount of the gyroscope output that changes with time at a stable temperature. Gyroscopes are subject to bias instability, where the gyroscope's initial zero reading drifts over time due to the integration of inherent imperfections and noise within the device.



◾ Angular random walk: If you integrate a noisy output signal from a sensor, such as integrating an angular rate signal to determine the angle, the integral will drift in time due to noise. This drift is called a random walk because the integral appears to take random steps from one sample to the next. The standard deviation of the drift caused by noise can be recovered by multiplying the random walk by the square root of time.



◾ Bias stability (1σ 10s): This is what we usually call Allen's variance, which is the most commonly used measurement. The measurement tells you how stable the gyroscope bias is over a specific specified period of time. In general, the lower the bias stability, the smaller the error when integrating the gyroscope output over time.



◾ Temperature range: The general temperature range of MEMS gyroscope is −45°C to +85°C, which represents the temperature range in which the gyroscope can operate. However, the requirements for the petroleum logging industry will be higher. Many tools may require the gyroscope to reach 125 degrees or even 175 degrees.





For more MEMS parameter analysis, you can read the reference.
You can discuss any questions about MEMS gyroscope with me.


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